Perfeccionismo socialmente prescrito y los cinco grandes rasgos de la personalidad en niños españoles
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio consistió en examinar la relación entre el Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito (PSP) y los cinco grandes rasgos de la personalidad en una muestra compuesta por 804 alumnos de Educación Primaria entre 8 y 11 años de edad (M = 9.57; SD = 1.12). Se empleó la subescala PSP de la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) y el Cuestionario Big Five de Personalidad para Niños (BFQ-N) que mide los rasgos de Neuroticismo, Extraversión, Apertura a la experiencia, Cordialidad y Conciencia. Los resultados del análisis de diferencia de medias mostraron que los alumnos con alto PSP puntuaron significativamente más alto en Conciencia, Cordialidad, Extraversión y Apertura a la experiencia que sus iguales con bajos niveles de PSP, con tamaños del efecto pequeños en todos los casos. Por el contrario, no se observaron diferencias significativas en Neuroticismo. Los análisis de regresión logística revelaron que todos los rasgos de la personalidad, a excepción del Neuroticismo, cuyos resultados no alcanzaron la significación estadística, predijeron significativa y positivamente altas puntuaciones en PSP, con niveles de OR que oscilaron entre 1.01 (para Conciencia y Cordialidad) y 1.03 (para Apertura a la experiencia y Extraversión).
Citas
Álvarez, A., Suárez, N., Tuero, E., Núñez, J.C., Valle, A., y Regueiro, B. (2015). Implicación familiar, autoconcepto del adolescente y rendimiento académico. European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, 5(3), 293-311. doi: 10.1989/ejihpe.v5i3.133
Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G.V., Rabasca, A., y Pastorelli, C. (2003). A questionnaire for measuring the Big Five in late childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 645-664.
Brannan, M.E., y Petrie, T.A. (2008). Moderators of the body dissatisfaction-eating disorder symptomatology relationship: replication and extension. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(2), 263-275. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.263
Carrasco, M.A., Holgado, F.P., y Del Barrio, M.V. (2005). Dimensionalidad del cuestionario de los cinco grades (BFQ-N) en población infantil española. Psicothema, 17(2), 286-291.
Castro, J., Gila, A., Gual, P., Lahortiga, F., Saura, B., y Toro, J. (2004). Perfectionism dimensions in children and adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(5), 392-398. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.11.094
Castro, M., Expósito-Casas, E., López-Martín, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro-Asencio, E., y Gaviria, J.L. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 14, 33-46. doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2015.01.002
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cox, S.L., y Chen, J. (2014). Perfectionism: a contributor to social anxiety and its cognitive processes. Australian Journal of Psychology, 67(4), 231-240. doi: 10.1111/ajpy.12079
Cuttler, C., y Graf, P. (2007). Personality predicts prospective memory task performance: an adult lifespan study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychopathology, 48(3), 215-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00570.x
De Cuyper, K., Claes, L., Hermans, D., Pieters, G., y Smits, D. (2015). Psychometric properties of the multidimensional perfectionism scale of hewitt in a dutch-speaking sample: associations with the Big Five personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97(2), 182-190. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2014.963591
De Maris, A. (2003). Logistic regression. En J.A. Schinka y W.F. Velicer (Eds.), Research methods in psychology (pp. 509-532). Nueva Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Dekryger, N.A. (2005). Childhood perfectionism: measurement, phenomenology, and development (Tesis doctoral). Recuperada de la base de datos de ProQuest.
Dunkley, D.M., y Kyparissis, A. (2008). What is DAS self-critical perfectionism really measuring? Relations with the five-factor model of personality and depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(6), 1295-1305. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.022
Enns, M.W., Cox, B.J., y Clara, I.P. (2005). Perfectionism and neuroticism: a longitudinal study of specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress models. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(4), 463-478. doi: 10.1007/s10608-005-2843-04
Flett, G.L., Hewitt, P.L., Boucher, D.J., Davidson, L.A., y Munro, Y. (2000). The ChildAdolescent Perfectionism Scale: development, validation, and association with adjustment. Manuscrito inédito. York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canadá.
Flett, G.L., Hewitt, P.L., Oliver, J.M., y Macdonald, S. (2002). Perfectionism in children and their parents: a developmental analysis. En G.L. Flett, P.L. y Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 89-132). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hill, R.W., McIntire, K., y Bacharach, V.R. (1997). Perfectionism and the Big Five Factors. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(1), 257-270.
Inglés, C.J., Gonzálvez, C., García-Fernández, J.M., Vicent, M., y Martínez-Monteagudo, M.C. (2015). Current status of research on school refusal. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 8(1), 37-52.
Miquelon, P., Vallerand, R.J., Groucet, F.M.E., y Cardinal, G. (2005). Perfectionism, academic motivation, and psychological adjustment: an integrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(7), 913-924. doi: 10.1177/0146167204272298
Molnar, D.S., Flett, G.L., Sadava, S.W., y Colautti, J. (2012). Perfectionism and health functioning in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 73(4), 295-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.001
Molnar, D.S., Sadava, S.W., Flett, G.L., y Colautti, J. (2012). Perfectionism and health: a mediational analysis of the roles of stress, social support and health-related behaviours. Psychology and Health, 27(7), 846-864. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2011.630466
Morris, L., y Lomax, C. (2014) Review: assessment, development, and treatment of childhood perfectionism: a systematic review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 19(4), 225- 234. doi:10.1111/camh.12067
Nathanson, C., Paulhus, D.L., y Williams, K.M. (2006). Predictors of a behavioral measure of scholastic cheating: personality and competence but not demographics. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31(1), 97-122. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2005.03.001
O’Connor, D.B., y O’Connor, R.C. (2004). Perceived changes in food intake in response to stress: the role of conscientiousness. Stress and Health, 20(5), 279-291. doi: 10.1002/smi.1028
Perera, M.J. y Chang, E.C. (2015). Ethnic variations between Asian and European Americans in interpersonal sources of socially prescribed perfectionism: it’s not just about parents! Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 31-37. doi: 10.1037/a0036175
,.Regueiro, B., Rodríguez S., Piñeiro, I., Estévez, I., Ferradás, M., y Suárez, N. (2015). Diferencias en la perfección de la implicación parental en los deberes escolares en función del nivel de motivación de los estudiantes. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 5(3), 313-323. doi: 10.1989/ejihpe.v5i3.134
Sherry, D.L., Sherry, S.B., Hewitt, P.L., Mushquash, A., y Flett, G.L. (2015). The existential model of perfectionism and depressive symptoms: tests of incremental validity, gender differences and moderated mediation. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 104- 110. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.002
Sherry, S.B., y Hall, P.A. (2009). The perfectionism model of being eating: tests of an integrative model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(3), 690-709. doi: 10.1037/a0014528
Sherry, S.B., Hewitt, P.L., Sherry, D.L., Flett, G.L., y Graham, A.R. (2010). Perfectionism dimensions and research productivity in psychology professors implications for understanding the (mal)adaptiveness of perfectionism. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 42(4), 273-283. doi: 10.1037/a0020466
Sherry, S.B., Hewitt, P.L., Flett, G.L., Lee-Baggley, D.L., y Hall, P.A. (2007). Trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in personality pathology. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(3), 477-490. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.026
Stairs, A.M., Smith, G.T., Zapolski, T.C.B., Combs, J.L., y Settles, R. E. (2012). Clarifying the construct of perfectionism. Assessment, 19(2), 146-166.
Stoeber, J. (2014). Multidimensional perfectionism and the DSM-5 personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 115-120. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.031
Stoeber, J., Otto, K., y Dalbert, C. (2009). Perfectionism and the Big Five: conscientiousness predicts longitudinal increases in self-oriented perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(4), 363-368. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.004
Valle, A., Regueiro, B., Rodríguez, S., Piñeiro, I., Freire, C., Ferradás, M., y Suárez, N. (2015). Perfiles motivacionales como combinación de expectativas de autoeficacia y metas académicas en estudiantes universitarios. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 8(1), 1-8.
Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G.V., Rabasca, A., y Pastorelli, C. (2003). A questionnaire for measuring the Big Five in late childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 645-664.
Brannan, M.E., y Petrie, T.A. (2008). Moderators of the body dissatisfaction-eating disorder symptomatology relationship: replication and extension. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(2), 263-275. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.263
Carrasco, M.A., Holgado, F.P., y Del Barrio, M.V. (2005). Dimensionalidad del cuestionario de los cinco grades (BFQ-N) en población infantil española. Psicothema, 17(2), 286-291.
Castro, J., Gila, A., Gual, P., Lahortiga, F., Saura, B., y Toro, J. (2004). Perfectionism dimensions in children and adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(5), 392-398. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.11.094
Castro, M., Expósito-Casas, E., López-Martín, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro-Asencio, E., y Gaviria, J.L. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 14, 33-46. doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2015.01.002
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cox, S.L., y Chen, J. (2014). Perfectionism: a contributor to social anxiety and its cognitive processes. Australian Journal of Psychology, 67(4), 231-240. doi: 10.1111/ajpy.12079
Cuttler, C., y Graf, P. (2007). Personality predicts prospective memory task performance: an adult lifespan study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychopathology, 48(3), 215-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00570.x
De Cuyper, K., Claes, L., Hermans, D., Pieters, G., y Smits, D. (2015). Psychometric properties of the multidimensional perfectionism scale of hewitt in a dutch-speaking sample: associations with the Big Five personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97(2), 182-190. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2014.963591
De Maris, A. (2003). Logistic regression. En J.A. Schinka y W.F. Velicer (Eds.), Research methods in psychology (pp. 509-532). Nueva Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Dekryger, N.A. (2005). Childhood perfectionism: measurement, phenomenology, and development (Tesis doctoral). Recuperada de la base de datos de ProQuest.
Dunkley, D.M., y Kyparissis, A. (2008). What is DAS self-critical perfectionism really measuring? Relations with the five-factor model of personality and depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(6), 1295-1305. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.022
Enns, M.W., Cox, B.J., y Clara, I.P. (2005). Perfectionism and neuroticism: a longitudinal study of specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress models. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(4), 463-478. doi: 10.1007/s10608-005-2843-04
Flett, G.L., Hewitt, P.L., Boucher, D.J., Davidson, L.A., y Munro, Y. (2000). The ChildAdolescent Perfectionism Scale: development, validation, and association with adjustment. Manuscrito inédito. York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canadá.
Flett, G.L., Hewitt, P.L., Oliver, J.M., y Macdonald, S. (2002). Perfectionism in children and their parents: a developmental analysis. En G.L. Flett, P.L. y Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 89-132). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hill, R.W., McIntire, K., y Bacharach, V.R. (1997). Perfectionism and the Big Five Factors. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(1), 257-270.
Inglés, C.J., Gonzálvez, C., García-Fernández, J.M., Vicent, M., y Martínez-Monteagudo, M.C. (2015). Current status of research on school refusal. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 8(1), 37-52.
Miquelon, P., Vallerand, R.J., Groucet, F.M.E., y Cardinal, G. (2005). Perfectionism, academic motivation, and psychological adjustment: an integrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(7), 913-924. doi: 10.1177/0146167204272298
Molnar, D.S., Flett, G.L., Sadava, S.W., y Colautti, J. (2012). Perfectionism and health functioning in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 73(4), 295-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.001
Molnar, D.S., Sadava, S.W., Flett, G.L., y Colautti, J. (2012). Perfectionism and health: a mediational analysis of the roles of stress, social support and health-related behaviours. Psychology and Health, 27(7), 846-864. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2011.630466
Morris, L., y Lomax, C. (2014) Review: assessment, development, and treatment of childhood perfectionism: a systematic review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 19(4), 225- 234. doi:10.1111/camh.12067
Nathanson, C., Paulhus, D.L., y Williams, K.M. (2006). Predictors of a behavioral measure of scholastic cheating: personality and competence but not demographics. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31(1), 97-122. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2005.03.001
O’Connor, D.B., y O’Connor, R.C. (2004). Perceived changes in food intake in response to stress: the role of conscientiousness. Stress and Health, 20(5), 279-291. doi: 10.1002/smi.1028
Perera, M.J. y Chang, E.C. (2015). Ethnic variations between Asian and European Americans in interpersonal sources of socially prescribed perfectionism: it’s not just about parents! Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 31-37. doi: 10.1037/a0036175
,.Regueiro, B., Rodríguez S., Piñeiro, I., Estévez, I., Ferradás, M., y Suárez, N. (2015). Diferencias en la perfección de la implicación parental en los deberes escolares en función del nivel de motivación de los estudiantes. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 5(3), 313-323. doi: 10.1989/ejihpe.v5i3.134
Sherry, D.L., Sherry, S.B., Hewitt, P.L., Mushquash, A., y Flett, G.L. (2015). The existential model of perfectionism and depressive symptoms: tests of incremental validity, gender differences and moderated mediation. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 104- 110. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.002
Sherry, S.B., y Hall, P.A. (2009). The perfectionism model of being eating: tests of an integrative model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(3), 690-709. doi: 10.1037/a0014528
Sherry, S.B., Hewitt, P.L., Sherry, D.L., Flett, G.L., y Graham, A.R. (2010). Perfectionism dimensions and research productivity in psychology professors implications for understanding the (mal)adaptiveness of perfectionism. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 42(4), 273-283. doi: 10.1037/a0020466
Sherry, S.B., Hewitt, P.L., Flett, G.L., Lee-Baggley, D.L., y Hall, P.A. (2007). Trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in personality pathology. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(3), 477-490. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.026
Stairs, A.M., Smith, G.T., Zapolski, T.C.B., Combs, J.L., y Settles, R. E. (2012). Clarifying the construct of perfectionism. Assessment, 19(2), 146-166.
Stoeber, J. (2014). Multidimensional perfectionism and the DSM-5 personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 115-120. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.031
Stoeber, J., Otto, K., y Dalbert, C. (2009). Perfectionism and the Big Five: conscientiousness predicts longitudinal increases in self-oriented perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(4), 363-368. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.004
Valle, A., Regueiro, B., Rodríguez, S., Piñeiro, I., Freire, C., Ferradás, M., y Suárez, N. (2015). Perfiles motivacionales como combinación de expectativas de autoeficacia y metas académicas en estudiantes universitarios. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 8(1), 1-8.
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Artículos
Palabras clave
Perfeccionismo socialmente prescrito;personalidad;Big Five;Educación Primaria;infancia;Socially prescribed perfectionism;personality;Big Five;Primary Education;childhood
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